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sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import logging
  4import re
  5import typing as t
  6
  7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  8from sqlglot._typing import E
  9from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
 10    Dialect,
 11    binary_from_function,
 12    datestrtodate_sql,
 13    format_time_lambda,
 14    inline_array_sql,
 15    max_or_greatest,
 16    min_or_least,
 17    no_ilike_sql,
 18    parse_date_delta_with_interval,
 19    regexp_replace_sql,
 20    rename_func,
 21    timestrtotime_sql,
 22    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
 23)
 24from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
 25from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 26
 27logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
 28
 29
 30def _date_add_sql(
 31    data_type: str, kind: str
 32) -> t.Callable[[generator.Generator, exp.Expression], str]:
 33    def func(self, expression):
 34        this = self.sql(expression, "this")
 35        unit = expression.args.get("unit")
 36        unit = exp.var(unit.name.upper() if unit else "DAY")
 37        interval = exp.Interval(this=expression.expression.copy(), unit=unit)
 38        return f"{data_type}_{kind}({this}, {self.sql(interval)})"
 39
 40    return func
 41
 42
 43def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
 44    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
 45        return self.values_sql(expression)
 46
 47    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 48
 49    structs = [
 50        exp.Struct(
 51            expressions=[
 52                exp.alias_(value, column_name)
 53                for value, column_name in zip(
 54                    t.expressions,
 55                    alias.columns
 56                    if alias and alias.columns
 57                    else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(t.expressions))),
 58                )
 59            ]
 60        )
 61        for t in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple)
 62    ]
 63
 64    return self.unnest_sql(exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.Array(expressions=structs)]))
 65
 66
 67def _returnsproperty_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
 68    this = expression.this
 69    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
 70        this = f"{this.this} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
 71    else:
 72        this = self.sql(this)
 73    return f"RETURNS {this}"
 74
 75
 76def _create_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
 77    kind = expression.args["kind"]
 78    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
 79
 80    if kind.upper() == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
 81        expression = expression.copy()
 82        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
 83
 84        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
 85            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
 86
 87        return self.create_sql(expression)
 88
 89    return self.create_sql(expression)
 90
 91
 92def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 93    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
 94
 95    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
 96    """
 97    from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import Scope
 98
 99    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
100        for unnest in expression.find_all(exp.Unnest):
101            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join)) and unnest.alias:
102                for column in Scope(expression).find_all(exp.Column):
103                    if column.table == unnest.alias:
104                        column.set("table", None)
105
106    return expression
107
108
109# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
110# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
111# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
112# SELECT y + 1 z
113# FROM x
114# GROUP BY x + 1
115# ORDER by z
116def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
117    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
118        group = expression.args.get("group")
119        order = expression.args.get("order")
120
121        if group and order:
122            aliases = {
123                select.this: select.args["alias"]
124                for select in expression.selects
125                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
126            }
127
128            for e in group.expressions:
129                alias = aliases.get(e)
130
131                if alias:
132                    e.replace(exp.column(alias))
133
134    return expression
135
136
137def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
138    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
139    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
140        cte_query = expression.this
141
142        if cte_query.is_star:
143            logger.warning(
144                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
145                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
146            )
147            return expression
148
149        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
150        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
151
152        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
153            to_replace = select
154
155            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
156                select = select.this
157
158            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
159            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
160
161    return expression
162
163
164def _parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
165    this = format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
166    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
167    return this
168
169
170def _parse_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
171    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
172    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
173
174
175def _parse_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
176    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
177    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
178    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.Hex(this=arg)
179
180
181class BigQuery(Dialect):
182    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
183
184    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
185    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
186
187    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
188    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
189
190    TIME_MAPPING = {
191        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
192    }
193
194    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
195        "DD": "%d",
196        "MM": "%m",
197        "MON": "%b",
198        "MONTH": "%B",
199        "YYYY": "%Y",
200        "YY": "%y",
201        "HH": "%I",
202        "HH12": "%I",
203        "HH24": "%H",
204        "MI": "%M",
205        "SS": "%S",
206        "SSSSS": "%f",
207        "TZH": "%z",
208    }
209
210    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
211    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
212    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
213
214    @classmethod
215    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
216        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
217        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
218        # not they're qualified.
219        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
220            parent = expression.parent
221
222            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
223                parent = parent.parent
224
225            if (
226                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
227                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
228                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
229            ):
230                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
231
232        return expression
233
234    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
235        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
236        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
237        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
238        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
239
240        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
241
242        BYTE_STRINGS = [
243            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
244        ]
245
246        RAW_STRINGS = [
247            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
248        ]
249
250        KEYWORDS = {
251            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
252            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
253            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
254            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
255            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
256            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
257            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
258            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
259            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
260            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
261            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
262            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
263            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
264        }
265        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
266
267    class Parser(parser.Parser):
268        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
269
270        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
271        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
272
273        SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
274
275        FUNCTIONS = {
276            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
277            "DATE": _parse_date,
278            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
279            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
280            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
281                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
282                this=seq_get(args, 0),
283            ),
284            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
285            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
286            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
287            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
288            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
289            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
290            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
291                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
292            ),
293            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
294            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
295            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
296                this=seq_get(args, 0),
297                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
298                position=seq_get(args, 2),
299                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
300                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
301                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
302                else None,
303            ),
304            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
305                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
306                this=seq_get(args, 0),
307                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
308            ),
309            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
310            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
311            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
312            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
313            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
314        }
315
316        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
317            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
318            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
319        }
320        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
321
322        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
323            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
324            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
325        }
326
327        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
328            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
329            TokenType.TABLE,
330        }
331
332        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
333            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
334            TokenType.VALUES,
335        }
336
337        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
338            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
339            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
340                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
341            ),
342            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
343        }
344
345        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
346            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
347            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
348        }
349
350        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
351            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
352
353            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
354            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
355                table_name = this.name
356                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
357                    self._advance(2)
358                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
359
360                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
361
362            return this
363
364        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
365            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
366            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
367                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
368                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
369                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
370                )
371
372                if rest and this:
373                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
374
375                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
376
377            return table
378
379    class Generator(generator.Generator):
380        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
381        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
382        JOIN_HINTS = False
383        QUERY_HINTS = False
384        TABLE_HINTS = False
385        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
386        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
387        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
388        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
389
390        TRANSFORMS = {
391            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
392            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
393            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
394            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
395            exp.Create: _create_sql,
396            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
397            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
398            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
399            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
400            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
401            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
402            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
403            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
404            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
405            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
406            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
407            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
408            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
409            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
410            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
411            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
412            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
413            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
414            exp.Min: min_or_least,
415            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
416            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
417                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
418                e.this,
419                e.expression,
420                e.args.get("position"),
421                e.args.get("occurrence"),
422            ),
423            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
424            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
425            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
426            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
427                [
428                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
429                    _unqualify_unnest,
430                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
431                    _alias_ordered_group,
432                ]
433            ),
434            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
435            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
436            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
437            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
438            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
439                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
440            ),
441            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
442            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
443            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
444            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
445            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
446            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
447            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
448            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
449            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
450            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
451            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
452        }
453
454        TYPE_MAPPING = {
455            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
456            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
457            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
458            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
459            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
460            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
461            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
462            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
463            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
464            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
465            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
466            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
467            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
468            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
469            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
470            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
471            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
472            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
473            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
474            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
475            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
476        }
477
478        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
479            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
480            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
481            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
482        }
483
484        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
485        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
486            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
487            "all",
488            "and",
489            "any",
490            "array",
491            "as",
492            "asc",
493            "assert_rows_modified",
494            "at",
495            "between",
496            "by",
497            "case",
498            "cast",
499            "collate",
500            "contains",
501            "create",
502            "cross",
503            "cube",
504            "current",
505            "default",
506            "define",
507            "desc",
508            "distinct",
509            "else",
510            "end",
511            "enum",
512            "escape",
513            "except",
514            "exclude",
515            "exists",
516            "extract",
517            "false",
518            "fetch",
519            "following",
520            "for",
521            "from",
522            "full",
523            "group",
524            "grouping",
525            "groups",
526            "hash",
527            "having",
528            "if",
529            "ignore",
530            "in",
531            "inner",
532            "intersect",
533            "interval",
534            "into",
535            "is",
536            "join",
537            "lateral",
538            "left",
539            "like",
540            "limit",
541            "lookup",
542            "merge",
543            "natural",
544            "new",
545            "no",
546            "not",
547            "null",
548            "nulls",
549            "of",
550            "on",
551            "or",
552            "order",
553            "outer",
554            "over",
555            "partition",
556            "preceding",
557            "proto",
558            "qualify",
559            "range",
560            "recursive",
561            "respect",
562            "right",
563            "rollup",
564            "rows",
565            "select",
566            "set",
567            "some",
568            "struct",
569            "tablesample",
570            "then",
571            "to",
572            "treat",
573            "true",
574            "unbounded",
575            "union",
576            "unnest",
577            "using",
578            "when",
579            "where",
580            "window",
581            "with",
582            "within",
583        }
584
585        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
586            parent = expression.parent
587
588            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
589            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
590            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
591                return self.func(
592                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
593                )
594
595            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
596
597        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
598            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
599
600        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
601            if expression.alias_column_names:
602                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
603            return super().cte_sql(expression)
604
605        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
606            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
607            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
608                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
609
610            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
611
612        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
613            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
614
615        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
616            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
617
618        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
619            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
620
621        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
622            return self.sql(expression)
623
624        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
625            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
626                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
627            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
628
629        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
630            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
631                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
632            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
633
634        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
635            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
182class BigQuery(Dialect):
183    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
184
185    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
186    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
187
188    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
189    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
190
191    TIME_MAPPING = {
192        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
193    }
194
195    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
196        "DD": "%d",
197        "MM": "%m",
198        "MON": "%b",
199        "MONTH": "%B",
200        "YYYY": "%Y",
201        "YY": "%y",
202        "HH": "%I",
203        "HH12": "%I",
204        "HH24": "%H",
205        "MI": "%M",
206        "SS": "%S",
207        "SSSSS": "%f",
208        "TZH": "%z",
209    }
210
211    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
212    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
213    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
214
215    @classmethod
216    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
217        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
218        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
219        # not they're qualified.
220        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
221            parent = expression.parent
222
223            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
224                parent = parent.parent
225
226            if (
227                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
228                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
229                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
230            ):
231                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
232
233        return expression
234
235    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
236        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
237        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
238        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
239        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
240
241        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
242
243        BYTE_STRINGS = [
244            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
245        ]
246
247        RAW_STRINGS = [
248            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
249        ]
250
251        KEYWORDS = {
252            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
253            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
254            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
255            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
256            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
257            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
258            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
259            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
260            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
261            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
262            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
263            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
264            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
265        }
266        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
267
268    class Parser(parser.Parser):
269        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
270
271        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
272        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
273
274        SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
275
276        FUNCTIONS = {
277            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
278            "DATE": _parse_date,
279            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
280            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
281            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
282                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
283                this=seq_get(args, 0),
284            ),
285            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
286            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
287            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
288            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
289            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
290            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
291            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
292                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
293            ),
294            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
295            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
296            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
297                this=seq_get(args, 0),
298                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
299                position=seq_get(args, 2),
300                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
301                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
302                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
303                else None,
304            ),
305            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
306                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
307                this=seq_get(args, 0),
308                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
309            ),
310            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
311            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
312            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
313            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
314            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
315        }
316
317        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
318            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
319            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
320        }
321        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
322
323        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
324            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
325            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
326        }
327
328        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
329            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
330            TokenType.TABLE,
331        }
332
333        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
334            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
335            TokenType.VALUES,
336        }
337
338        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
339            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
340            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
341                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
342            ),
343            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
344        }
345
346        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
347            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
348            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
349        }
350
351        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
352            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
353
354            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
355            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
356                table_name = this.name
357                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
358                    self._advance(2)
359                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
360
361                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
362
363            return this
364
365        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
366            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
367            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
368                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
369                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
370                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
371                )
372
373                if rest and this:
374                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
375
376                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
377
378            return table
379
380    class Generator(generator.Generator):
381        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
382        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
383        JOIN_HINTS = False
384        QUERY_HINTS = False
385        TABLE_HINTS = False
386        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
387        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
388        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
389        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
390
391        TRANSFORMS = {
392            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
393            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
394            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
395            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
396            exp.Create: _create_sql,
397            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
398            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
399            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
400            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
401            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
402            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
403            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
404            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
405            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
406            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
407            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
408            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
409            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
410            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
411            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
412            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
413            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
414            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
415            exp.Min: min_or_least,
416            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
417            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
418                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
419                e.this,
420                e.expression,
421                e.args.get("position"),
422                e.args.get("occurrence"),
423            ),
424            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
425            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
426            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
427            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
428                [
429                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
430                    _unqualify_unnest,
431                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
432                    _alias_ordered_group,
433                ]
434            ),
435            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
436            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
437            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
438            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
439            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
440                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
441            ),
442            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
443            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
444            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
445            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
446            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
447            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
448            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
449            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
450            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
451            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
452            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
453        }
454
455        TYPE_MAPPING = {
456            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
457            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
458            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
459            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
460            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
461            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
462            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
463            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
464            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
465            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
466            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
467            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
468            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
469            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
470            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
471            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
472            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
473            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
474            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
475            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
476            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
477        }
478
479        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
480            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
481            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
482            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
483        }
484
485        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
486        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
487            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
488            "all",
489            "and",
490            "any",
491            "array",
492            "as",
493            "asc",
494            "assert_rows_modified",
495            "at",
496            "between",
497            "by",
498            "case",
499            "cast",
500            "collate",
501            "contains",
502            "create",
503            "cross",
504            "cube",
505            "current",
506            "default",
507            "define",
508            "desc",
509            "distinct",
510            "else",
511            "end",
512            "enum",
513            "escape",
514            "except",
515            "exclude",
516            "exists",
517            "extract",
518            "false",
519            "fetch",
520            "following",
521            "for",
522            "from",
523            "full",
524            "group",
525            "grouping",
526            "groups",
527            "hash",
528            "having",
529            "if",
530            "ignore",
531            "in",
532            "inner",
533            "intersect",
534            "interval",
535            "into",
536            "is",
537            "join",
538            "lateral",
539            "left",
540            "like",
541            "limit",
542            "lookup",
543            "merge",
544            "natural",
545            "new",
546            "no",
547            "not",
548            "null",
549            "nulls",
550            "of",
551            "on",
552            "or",
553            "order",
554            "outer",
555            "over",
556            "partition",
557            "preceding",
558            "proto",
559            "qualify",
560            "range",
561            "recursive",
562            "respect",
563            "right",
564            "rollup",
565            "rows",
566            "select",
567            "set",
568            "some",
569            "struct",
570            "tablesample",
571            "then",
572            "to",
573            "treat",
574            "true",
575            "unbounded",
576            "union",
577            "unnest",
578            "using",
579            "when",
580            "where",
581            "window",
582            "with",
583            "within",
584        }
585
586        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
587            parent = expression.parent
588
589            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
590            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
591            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
592                return self.func(
593                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
594                )
595
596            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
597
598        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
599            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
600
601        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
602            if expression.alias_column_names:
603                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
604            return super().cte_sql(expression)
605
606        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
607            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
608            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
609                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
610
611            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
612
613        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
614            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
615
616        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
617            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
618
619        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
620            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
621
622        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
623            return self.sql(expression)
624
625        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
626            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
627                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
628            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
629
630        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
631            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
632                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
633            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
634
635        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
636            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = None
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONDATE', '_PARTITIONTIME'}
@classmethod
def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: ~E) -> ~E:
215    @classmethod
216    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
217        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
218        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
219        # not they're qualified.
220        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
221            parent = expression.parent
222
223            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
224                parent = parent.parent
225
226            if (
227                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
228                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
229                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
230            ):
231                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
232
233        return expression

Normalizes an unquoted identifier to either lower or upper case, thus essentially making it case-insensitive. If a dialect treats all identifiers as case-insensitive, they will be normalized regardless of being quoted or not.

tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = '0x'
HEX_END = ''
BYTE_START = "b'"
BYTE_END = "'"
class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
235    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
236        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
237        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
238        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
239        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
240
241        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
242
243        BYTE_STRINGS = [
244            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
245        ]
246
247        RAW_STRINGS = [
248            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
249        ]
250
251        KEYWORDS = {
252            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
253            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
254            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
255            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
256            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
257            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
258            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
259            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
260            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
261            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
262            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
263            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
264            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
265        }
266        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>}
class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
268    class Parser(parser.Parser):
269        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
270
271        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
272        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
273
274        SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
275
276        FUNCTIONS = {
277            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
278            "DATE": _parse_date,
279            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
280            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
281            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
282                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
283                this=seq_get(args, 0),
284            ),
285            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
286            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
287            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
288            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
289            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
290            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
291            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
292                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
293            ),
294            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
295            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
296            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
297                this=seq_get(args, 0),
298                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
299                position=seq_get(args, 2),
300                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
301                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
302                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
303                else None,
304            ),
305            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
306                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
307                this=seq_get(args, 0),
308                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
309            ),
310            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
311            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
312            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
313            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
314            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
315        }
316
317        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
318            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
319            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
320        }
321        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
322
323        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
324            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
325            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
326        }
327
328        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
329            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
330            TokenType.TABLE,
331        }
332
333        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
334            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
335            TokenType.VALUES,
336        }
337
338        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
339            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
340            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
341                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
342            ),
343            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
344        }
345
346        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
347            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
348            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
349        }
350
351        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
352            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
353
354            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
355            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
356                table_name = this.name
357                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
358                    self._advance(2)
359                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
360
361                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
362
363            return this
364
365        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
366            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
367            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
368                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
369                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
370                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
371                )
372
373                if rest and this:
374                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
375
376                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
377
378            return table

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _parse_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _parse_to_hex>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY: bool = True
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
380    class Generator(generator.Generator):
381        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
382        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
383        JOIN_HINTS = False
384        QUERY_HINTS = False
385        TABLE_HINTS = False
386        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
387        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
388        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
389        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
390
391        TRANSFORMS = {
392            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
393            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
394            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
395            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
396            exp.Create: _create_sql,
397            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
398            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
399            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
400            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
401            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
402            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
403            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
404            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
405            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
406            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
407            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
408            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
409            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
410            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
411            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
412            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
413            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
414            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
415            exp.Min: min_or_least,
416            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
417            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
418                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
419                e.this,
420                e.expression,
421                e.args.get("position"),
422                e.args.get("occurrence"),
423            ),
424            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
425            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
426            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
427            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
428                [
429                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
430                    _unqualify_unnest,
431                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
432                    _alias_ordered_group,
433                ]
434            ),
435            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
436            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
437            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
438            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
439            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
440                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
441            ),
442            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
443            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
444            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
445            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
446            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
447            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
448            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
449            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
450            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
451            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
452            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
453        }
454
455        TYPE_MAPPING = {
456            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
457            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
458            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
459            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
460            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
461            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
462            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
463            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
464            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
465            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
466            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
467            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
468            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
469            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
470            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
471            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
472            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
473            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
474            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
475            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
476            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
477        }
478
479        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
480            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
481            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
482            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
483        }
484
485        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
486        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
487            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
488            "all",
489            "and",
490            "any",
491            "array",
492            "as",
493            "asc",
494            "assert_rows_modified",
495            "at",
496            "between",
497            "by",
498            "case",
499            "cast",
500            "collate",
501            "contains",
502            "create",
503            "cross",
504            "cube",
505            "current",
506            "default",
507            "define",
508            "desc",
509            "distinct",
510            "else",
511            "end",
512            "enum",
513            "escape",
514            "except",
515            "exclude",
516            "exists",
517            "extract",
518            "false",
519            "fetch",
520            "following",
521            "for",
522            "from",
523            "full",
524            "group",
525            "grouping",
526            "groups",
527            "hash",
528            "having",
529            "if",
530            "ignore",
531            "in",
532            "inner",
533            "intersect",
534            "interval",
535            "into",
536            "is",
537            "join",
538            "lateral",
539            "left",
540            "like",
541            "limit",
542            "lookup",
543            "merge",
544            "natural",
545            "new",
546            "no",
547            "not",
548            "null",
549            "nulls",
550            "of",
551            "on",
552            "or",
553            "order",
554            "outer",
555            "over",
556            "partition",
557            "preceding",
558            "proto",
559            "qualify",
560            "range",
561            "recursive",
562            "respect",
563            "right",
564            "rollup",
565            "rows",
566            "select",
567            "set",
568            "some",
569            "struct",
570            "tablesample",
571            "then",
572            "to",
573            "treat",
574            "true",
575            "unbounded",
576            "union",
577            "unnest",
578            "using",
579            "when",
580            "where",
581            "window",
582            "with",
583            "within",
584        }
585
586        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
587            parent = expression.parent
588
589            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
590            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
591            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
592                return self.func(
593                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
594                )
595
596            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
597
598        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
599            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
600
601        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
602            if expression.alias_column_names:
603                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
604            return super().cte_sql(expression)
605
606        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
607            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
608            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
609                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
610
611            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
612
613        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
614            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
615
616        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
617            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
618
619        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
620            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
621
622        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
623            return self.sql(expression)
624
625        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
626            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
627                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
628            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
629
630        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
631            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
632                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
633            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
634
635        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
636            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
  • indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalDayToSecondSpan'>: 'DAY TO SECOND', <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalYearToMonthSpan'>: 'YEAR TO MONTH', <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'within', 'for', 'in', 'null', 'create', 'any', 'exists', 'natural', 'group', 'inner', 'proto', 'union', 'from', 'desc', 'using', 'treat', 'distinct', 'array', 'interval', 'window', 'range', 'having', 'like', 'new', 'unnest', 'order', 'and', 'intersect', 'is', 'end', 'lateral', 'tablesample', 'all', 'then', 'right', 'into', 'cube', 'respect', 'not', 'nulls', 'limit', 'recursive', 'of', 'struct', 'to', 'hash', 'ignore', 'as', 'rollup', 'merge', 'lookup', 'false', 'assert_rows_modified', 'current', 'when', 'grouping', 'preceding', 'set', 'some', 'enum', 'over', 'extract', 'by', 'select', 'join', 'default', 'qualify', 'or', 'if', 'cast', 'collate', 'fetch', 'asc', 'unbounded', 'on', 'escape', 'no', 'following', 'rows', 'except', 'at', 'case', 'with', 'where', 'contains', 'cross', 'true', 'exclude', 'outer', 'define', 'partition', 'left', 'else', 'groups', 'between', 'full'}
def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str:
586        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
587            parent = expression.parent
588
589            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
590            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
591            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
592                return self.func(
593                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
594                )
595
596            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str:
598        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
599            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
def cte_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CTE) -> str:
601        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
602            if expression.alias_column_names:
603                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
604            return super().cte_sql(expression)
def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str:
606        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
607            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
608            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
609                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
610
611            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
613        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
614            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
616        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
617            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
619        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
620            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str:
622        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
623            return self.sql(expression)
def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str:
625        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
626            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
627                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
628            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str:
630        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
631            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
632                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
633            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str:
635        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
636            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool:
256    @classmethod
257    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
258        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
259
260        Args:
261            text: The text to check.
262            identify:
263                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
264                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
265
266        Returns:
267            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
268        """
269        if identify is True or identify == "always":
270            return True
271
272        if identify == "safe":
273            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
274
275        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

Arguments:
  • text: The text to check.
  • identify: "always" or True: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
Returns:

Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
TOKENIZER_CLASS = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
SELECT_KINDS
VALUES_AS_TABLE
STAR_MAPPING
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
STRUCT_DELIMITER
PARAMETER_TOKEN
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
INDEX_OFFSET
ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
NULL_ORDERING
pretty
identify
normalize
pad
unsupported_level
max_unsupported
leading_comma
max_text_width
comments
normalize_functions
unsupported_messages
generate
unsupported
sep
seg
pad_comment
maybe_comment
wrap
no_identify
normalize_func
indent
sql
uncache_sql
cache_sql
characterset_sql
column_sql
columnposition_sql
columndef_sql
columnconstraint_sql
computedcolumnconstraint_sql
autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
compresscolumnconstraint_sql
generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
createable_sql
create_sql
clone_sql
describe_sql
prepend_ctes
with_sql
tablealias_sql
bitstring_sql
hexstring_sql
bytestring_sql
rawstring_sql
datatypeparam_sql
datatype_sql
directory_sql
delete_sql
drop_sql
except_sql
fetch_sql
filter_sql
hint_sql
index_sql
identifier_sql
inputoutputformat_sql
national_sql
partition_sql
properties_sql
root_properties
properties
locate_properties
property_sql
likeproperty_sql
fallbackproperty_sql
journalproperty_sql
freespaceproperty_sql
checksumproperty_sql
mergeblockratioproperty_sql
datablocksizeproperty_sql
blockcompressionproperty_sql
isolatedloadingproperty_sql
lockingproperty_sql
withdataproperty_sql
insert_sql
intersect_sql
introducer_sql
pseudotype_sql
onconflict_sql
returning_sql
rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
withtablehint_sql
indextablehint_sql
table_sql
tablesample_sql
pivot_sql
tuple_sql
update_sql
values_sql
var_sql
into_sql
from_sql
group_sql
having_sql
connect_sql
prior_sql
join_sql
lambda_sql
lateral_sql
limit_sql
offset_sql
setitem_sql
set_sql
pragma_sql
lock_sql
literal_sql
escape_str
loaddata_sql
null_sql
boolean_sql
order_sql
cluster_sql
distribute_sql
sort_sql
ordered_sql
matchrecognize_sql
query_modifiers
offset_limit_modifiers
after_having_modifiers
after_limit_modifiers
select_sql
schema_sql
schema_columns_sql
star_sql
parameter_sql
sessionparameter_sql
placeholder_sql
subquery_sql
qualify_sql
union_sql
union_op
unnest_sql
where_sql
window_sql
partition_by_sql
windowspec_sql
withingroup_sql
between_sql
bracket_sql
safebracket_sql
all_sql
any_sql
exists_sql
case_sql
constraint_sql
nextvaluefor_sql
extract_sql
trim_sql
safeconcat_sql
check_sql
foreignkey_sql
primarykey_sql
if_sql
matchagainst_sql
jsonkeyvalue_sql
jsonobject_sql
openjsoncolumndef_sql
openjson_sql
in_sql
interval_sql
return_sql
reference_sql
anonymous_sql
paren_sql
neg_sql
not_sql
alias_sql
aliases_sql
add_sql
and_sql
xor_sql
connector_sql
bitwiseand_sql
bitwiseleftshift_sql
bitwisenot_sql
bitwiseor_sql
bitwiserightshift_sql
bitwisexor_sql
cast_sql
currentdate_sql
collate_sql
command_sql
comment_sql
mergetreettlaction_sql
mergetreettl_sql
altercolumn_sql
renametable_sql
altertable_sql
droppartition_sql
addconstraint_sql
distinct_sql
ignorenulls_sql
respectnulls_sql
intdiv_sql
dpipe_sql
safedpipe_sql
div_sql
overlaps_sql
distance_sql
dot_sql
eq_sql
escape_sql
glob_sql
gt_sql
gte_sql
ilike_sql
ilikeany_sql
is_sql
like_sql
likeany_sql
similarto_sql
lt_sql
lte_sql
mod_sql
mul_sql
neq_sql
nullsafeeq_sql
nullsafeneq_sql
or_sql
slice_sql
sub_sql
use_sql
binary
function_fallback_sql
func
format_args
text_width
format_time
expressions
op_expressions
naked_property
set_operation
tag_sql
token_sql
userdefinedfunction_sql
joinhint_sql
kwarg_sql
when_sql
merge_sql
tochar_sql
dictproperty_sql
dictrange_sql
dictsubproperty_sql
oncluster_sql
clusteredbyproperty_sql
anyvalue_sql
querytransform_sql
indexconstraintoption_sql
indexcolumnconstraint_sql
nvl2_sql